This page provides material property data for concrete, steel, and stainless steel used in anchor channel calculations per EN 1992-4.
Concrete Properties
Strength Classes (EN 1992-1-1)
| Class | fck (MPa) | fck,cube (MPa) | fcm (MPa) | fctm (MPa) | Ecm (GPa) |
|---|
| C12/15 | 12 | 15 | 20 | 1.6 | 27 |
| C16/20 | 16 | 20 | 24 | 1.9 | 29 |
| C20/25 | 20 | 25 | 28 | 2.2 | 30 |
| C25/30 | 25 | 30 | 33 | 2.6 | 31 |
| C30/37 | 30 | 37 | 38 | 2.9 | 33 |
| C35/45 | 35 | 45 | 43 | 3.2 | 34 |
| C40/50 | 40 | 50 | 48 | 3.5 | 35 |
| C45/55 | 45 | 55 | 53 | 3.8 | 36 |
| C50/60 | 50 | 60 | 58 | 4.1 | 37 |
- fck = Characteristic cylinder strength
- fck,cube = Characteristic cube strength
- fcm = Mean cylinder strength
- fctm = Mean tensile strength
- Ecm = Mean elastic modulus
Values Used in EN 1992-4
For anchor channel calculations, the key parameter is fck:
Concrete cone: NRk,c ∝ √fck × hef^1.5
Edge failure: VRk,c ∝ √fck × c1^1.5
Higher concrete strength increases capacity, but benefits diminish
for fck > 50 MPa. Other factors often govern.
Cracking Parameters
| Parameter | Cracked | Uncracked |
|---|
| k₁ factor | 8.9 | 12.7 |
| Capacity ratio | 1.0 | 1.43 |
Steel Properties
Carbon Steel Grades
| Grade | fyk (MPa) | fuk (MPa) | Elongation (%) |
|---|
| S235 | 235 | 360 | 26 |
| S275 | 275 | 430 | 23 |
| S355 | 355 | 510 | 22 |
| S460 | 460 | 540 | 17 |
Bolt Grades
| Grade | fyb (MPa) | fub (MPa) | Notes |
|---|
| 4.6 | 240 | 400 | Low strength |
| 5.6 | 300 | 500 | Medium strength |
| 8.8 | 640 | 800 | Standard structural |
| 10.9 | 900 | 1000 | High strength |
| 12.9 | 1080 | 1200 | Very high strength |
High-strength bolts (10.9, 12.9) may be susceptible to hydrogen
embrittlement. Use with care in corrosive environments.
Steel Elastic Properties
| Property | Symbol | Value | Unit |
|---|
| Elastic modulus | E | 210 | GPa |
| Shear modulus | G | 81 | GPa |
| Poisson’s ratio | ν | 0.3 | - |
| Density | ρ | 7850 | kg/m³ |
| Thermal expansion | α | 12×10⁻⁶ | /°C |
Stainless Steel Properties
Austenitic Grades
| Grade | EN | AISI | fy (MPa) | fu (MPa) | PREN |
|---|
| 1.4301 | X5CrNi18-10 | 304 | 210 | 520 | 18 |
| 1.4307 | X2CrNi18-9 | 304L | 200 | 500 | 18 |
| 1.4401 | X5CrNiMo17-12-2 | 316 | 220 | 530 | 24 |
| 1.4404 | X2CrNiMo17-12-2 | 316L | 220 | 520 | 24 |
| 1.4571 | X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 | 316Ti | 220 | 520 | 24 |
PREN = %Cr + 3.3×%Mo + 16×%N
Stainless Bolt Grades
| Grade | fy (MPa) | fu (MPa) | Material |
|---|
| A2-50 | 210 | 500 | 1.4301 |
| A2-70 | 450 | 700 | 1.4301 cold worked |
| A4-50 | 210 | 500 | 1.4401/1.4404 |
| A4-70 | 450 | 700 | 1.4401/1.4404 cold worked |
| A4-80 | 600 | 800 | 1.4401/1.4404 high strength |
A4-70 is the standard grade for external structural applications.
It provides good strength and corrosion resistance.
Stainless Steel Properties
| Property | Austenitic (304/316) |
|---|
| Elastic modulus | 200 GPa |
| Density | 8000 kg/m³ |
| Thermal expansion | 16×10⁻⁶ /°C |
| Thermal conductivity | 15 W/m·K |
| Magnetic | No (annealed) |
Corrosion Resistance Guide
Environmental Categories
| Category | Environment | Examples |
|---|
| C1 | Heated interiors | Offices, shops |
| C2 | Unheated interiors | Warehouses |
| C3 | Urban/industrial | Urban facades |
| C4 | Industrial | Factories, coast |
| C5 | Marine/industrial | Near sea, heavy industrial |
Material Selection by Category
| Category | HDG | 1.4301 | 1.4404 |
|---|
| C1 | ✓✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| C2 | ✓ | ✓✓ | ✓✓ |
| C3 | ✗ | ✓ | ✓✓ |
| C4 | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| C5 | ✗ | ✗ | △ (duplex preferred) |
Partial Safety Factors
Steel (EN 1992-4)
| Mode | γMs |
|---|
| Tension (fuk) | 1.2 |
| Tension (fyk) | 1.0 |
| Shear | 1.0 |
Concrete (EN 1992-4)
| Mode | γMc |
|---|
| Cone failure | 1.5 |
| Edge failure | 1.5 |
| Pryout | 1.5 |
| Pullout | 1.5 |
| Splitting | 1.5 |
Design Value Calculations
Steel Resistance
NRd,s = As × fuk / γMs
= As × fuk / 1.2
VRd,s = 0.6 × As × fuk / γMs
= 0.6 × As × fuk / 1.0
Concrete Cone Resistance
NRd,c = k1 × √fck × hef^1.5 × ψ factors / γMc
= k1 × √fck × hef^1.5 × ψ factors / 1.5
Quick Reference Calculations
Common √fck Values
| fck | √fck |
|---|
| 20 | 4.47 |
| 25 | 5.00 |
| 30 | 5.48 |
| 35 | 5.92 |
| 40 | 6.32 |
Common hef^1.5 Values
| hef (mm) | hef^1.5 |
|---|
| 32 | 181 |
| 47 | 322 |
| 63 | 500 |
| 80 | 716 |
| 100 | 1000 |
